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3D graphic functions

drawOrigin

  drawOrigin()

This function draws a coordinate frame where each axis has a length of 1 meter/unit.

By convention x is red, y is green, and z is blue.

Use for example translate3D() or rotate3D() to change the position of the origin.

drawCube

  drawCube(size:float)

Draws 3D shape: Cube

fill(255,255,255)
rotate3D(0,PI/4,0)
drawCube(2)
update()

drawSphere

  drawSphere(size:float)

Draws 3D shape: Sphere

fill(255,255,255)
drawSphere(2)
update()

drawCuboid

  drawCuboid(w:float, l:float, h:float)

Draws 3D shape: Cuboid

fill(255,255,255)
rotate3D(0, PI/4, 0)
drawCuboid(3, 2, 1)
update()

drawCylinder

  drawCylinder(r:float, h:float)

Draws 3D shape: Cylinder

fill(255,255,255)
rotate3D(-PI/4, -PI/4, 0)
drawCylinder(2, 3)
update()

drawTriangularPrism

  drawTriangularPrism(r:float, h:float)

Draws 3D shape: Triangular Prism

fill(255,255,255)
rotate3D(-PI/4, -PI/4, 0)
drawTriangularPrism(2, 3)
update()

translate3D

  translate3D(x:float, y:float, z:float)

Use this function to move the current frame (world).

The function is additive. Each additional call moves the origin relative to the previous position. If you don’t want this, you can use push()/pop(), which will restore the original state.

Unlike 2D objects, translate and rotate functions are the only option to set the position of 3D shapes.

translateX

  translateX(x:float)

Same as translate3D(x, y, z) but only translating the X axis.

fill(255,255,255)
translateX(-5)
def onDraw():
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        translateX(0.1)
        drawCube(2)
        update()
    translateX(-10)

translateY

  translateY(y:float)

Same as translate3D(x, y, z) but only translating the Y axis.

fill(255,255,255)
translateY(-5)
def onDraw():
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        translateY(0.1)
        drawCube(2)
        update()
    translateY(-10)

translateZ

  translateZ(z:float)

Same as translate3D(x, y, z) but only translating the Z axis.

fill(255,255,255)
translateZ(-5)
def onDraw():
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        translateZ(0.1)
        drawCube(2)
        update()
    translateZ(-10)

rotate3D

  rotate3D(x:float, y:float, z:float)

Use this function to rotate the current frame (world) around the origin point.

The function is additive. Each additional call moves the origin relative to the previous position. If you don’t want this, you can use push()/pop(), which will restore the original state.

Unlike 2D objects, translate and rotate functions are the only option to set the position of 3D shapes.

rotateX

  rotateX(x:float)

Same as rotate3D(x, y, z) but only rotating around the X axis.

fill(255,255,255)
def onDraw():
    clear()
    rotateX(0.1)
    drawCube(2)
    update()

rotateY

  rotateY(y:float)

Same as rotate3D(x, y, z) but only rotating around the Y axis.

fill(255,255,255)
def onDraw():
    clear()
    rotateY(0.1)
    drawCube(2)
    update()

rotateZ

  rotateZ(z:float)

Same as rotate3D(x, y, z) but only rotating around the Z axis.

fill(255,255,255)
def onDraw():
    clear()
    rotateZ(0.1)
    drawCube(2)
    update()

scale3D

  scale3D(x:float, y:float, z:float)

Scales all subsequent drawing commands by the specified value. For example, the size doubles with the value 2 or halves with 0.5.

Note: scale3D() is multiplicative. This means that, for example, scale3D(2) and scale3D(1.5) together achieve the same effect as a single scale3D(3).

Example:

fill(255,255,255)
drawSphere(1)
update()
delay(1000)

scale3D(2,2,2)
drawSphere(1)
update()
delay(1000)

scale3D(1.5,1.5,1.5)
drawSphere(1)
update()

scaleX

  scaleX(x:float)

Same as scale3D(x, y, z) but only scaling on the X axis.

fill(255,255,255)
def onDraw():
    push()
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        scaleX(0.99)
        drawSphere(4)
        update()
    pop()

scaleY

  scaleY(y:float)

Same as scale3D(x, y, z) but only scaling on the Y axis.

fill(255,255,255)
def onDraw():
    push()
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        scaleY(0.99)
        drawSphere(4)
        update()
    pop()

scaleZ

  scaleZ(z:float)

Same as scale3D(x, y, z) but only scaling on the Z axis.

fill(255,255,255)
rotateY(PI/2)
def onDraw():
    push()
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        scaleZ(0.99)
        drawSphere(4)
        update()
    pop()

translateCamera3D

  translateCamera3D(x:float, y:float, z:float)

Besides using translate3D() to move the whole frame (world), you can also use this function to move the position of the camera.

The function is additive. Each additional call moves the origin relative to the previous position. If you don’t want this, you can use push()/pop(), which will restore the original state.

Unlike 2D objects, translate and rotate functions are the only option to set the position of 3D shapes.

translateCameraX

  translateCameraX(x:float)

Same as translateCamera3D(x, y, z) but only translating the X axis of the camera.

fill(255,255,255)
translateCameraX(-5)
def onDraw():
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        translateCameraX(0.1)
        drawCube(2)
        update()
    translateCameraX(-10)

translateCameraY

  translateCameraY(y:float)

Same as translateCamera3D(x, y, z) but only translating the Y axis of the camera.

fill(255,255,255)
translateCameraY(-5)
def onDraw():
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        translateCameraY(0.1)
        drawCube(2)
        update()
    translateCameraY(-10)

translateCameraZ

  translateCameraZ(z:float)

Same as translateCamera3D(x, y, z) but only translating the Z axis of the camera.

fill(255,255,255)
translateCameraZ(-5)
def onDraw():
    for i in 100:
        clear()
        translateCameraZ(0.1)
        drawCube(2)
        update()
    translateCameraZ(-10)

rotateCamera3D

  rotateCamera3D(x:float, y:float, z:float))

Besides using rotate3D() to rotate the whole frame (world), you can also use this function to rotate the camera.

The function is additive. Each additional call moves the origin relative to the previous position. If you don’t want this, you can use push()/pop(), which will restore the original state.

Unlike 2D objects, translate and rotate functions are the only option to set the position of 3D shapes.

rotateCameraX

  rotateCameraX(x:float)

Same as rotateCamera3D(x, y, z) but only rotating the camera around the X axis.

fill(255,255,255)
def onDraw():
    clear()
    rotateCameraX(0.1)
    drawCube(2)
    update()

rotateCameraY

  rotateCameraY(y:float)

Same as rotateCamera3D(x, y, z) but only rotating the camera around the Y axis.

fill(255,255,255)
def onDraw():
    clear()
    rotateCameraY(0.1)
    drawCube(2)
    update()

rotateCameraZ

  rotateCameraZ(z:float)

Same as rotateCamera3D(x, y, z) but only rotating the camera around the Z axis.

fill(255,255,255)
def onDraw():
    clear()
    rotateCameraZ(0.1)
    drawCube(2)
    update()

drawShape3D

  drawShape3D(vertices:float[], triangles:int[])

You can create and render custom 3D shapes using the drawShape3D() function.

Every shape consists of a list of vertices (locations in the 3D space) and a list of triangles/faces between those vertices.

image

Example:

verts:float[30] = [
    -1,-1,-1,
    1,-1,-1,
    1,1,-1,
    -1,1,-1,
    -1,-1,1,
    1,-1,1,
    1,1,1,
    -1,1,1,
    0,-1,2,
    0,1,2
]
tris:int[48] = [
    0,1,4,
    1,5,4,
    1,2,5,
    2,6,5,
    2,3,6,
    3,7,6,
    3,0,7,
    0,4,7,
    0,3,2,
    0,2,1,
    4,5,8,
    6,7,9,
    5,6,8,
    7,4,9,
    4,8,9,
    6,9,8
]

fill(255,255,255)
rotateX(-PI_DIV2)
scaleZ(0.8)

def onDraw():
    clear()
    rotateZ(0.02)
    drawOrigin()
    drawShape3D(verts, tris)
    update()

beginShape3D

  beginShape3D()

Starts a polygon definition. This consists of a beginShape3D(), several calls to addVertex3D() and a termination with endShape3D().

Example:

const l = 1.06 # 0.1 .. 2.0

fill(255,255,255)

def onDraw():
    clear()
    rotateY(0.02)
    beginShape3D() # face 1
    addVertex3D(l, l, l)
    addVertex3D(-l, l, -l)
    addVertex3D(-l, -l, l) # face 2
    addVertex3D(l, l, l)
    addVertex3D(-l, -l, l)
    addVertex3D(l, -l, -l) # face 3
    addVertex3D(-l, -l, l)
    addVertex3D(-l, l, -l)
    addVertex3D(l, -l, -l) # face 4
    addVertex3D(-l, l, -l)
    addVertex3D(l, l, l)
    addVertex3D(l,-l, -l)
    endShape3D()
    update()

This example draws a simple tetrahedron with four faces rotating in space.

endShape3D

  endShape3D()

This function closes a polygon definition.

When endShape3D() is called, the polygon is drawn into the screen buffer.

Example: see beginShape3D()

addVertex3D

  addVertex3D(x:float, y:float, z:float)

This function adds a point at location x/y/z in a polygon definition.

Example: see beingShape3D()

render

  render()

All 3D shapes are drawn on top of 2D elements. This is because of the automatic call of render() within the update() function.

If you would like to draw 2D elements on top of 3D shapes, you can call render() manually after the drawing of 3D shapes.

fill(230, 204, 57)
background(162, 9, 176)
textFont(FONT_ROBOTO_BOLD_64)
drawSphere(3)
stroke(0, 0, 0)
drawText(26, 90, "Sphere") # this black text will be behind the sphere
render()
stroke(255, 255, 255)
drawText(20, 80, "Sphere") # this white text will be in front of the sphere
update()

translationMode

  translationMode(mode:byte)

Sometimes it’s easier to think in the world frame (especially when dealing with consecutive rotations).

You can set the translation’s reference frame to LOCAL (default) or GLOBAL.

translationMode(LOCAL)
translationMode(GLOBAL)

rotationMode

  rotationMode(mode:byte)

Sometimes it’s easier to think in the world frame (especially when dealing with consecutive rotations).

You can set the rotation’s reference frame to LOCAL (default) or GLOBAL.

rotationMode(LOCAL)
rotationMode(GLOBAL)

getWorldRotation3D

  getWorldRotation3D()->rotation3D

For more elaborate 3D applications, it is helpful to be able to write & read the current world rotation.

This functions returns a rotation3D object/class (by reference).

rotation:rotation3D
rotation = getWorldRotation3D()

setWorldRotation3D

  setWorldRotation3D(rotation:rotation3D)

For more elaborate 3D applications, it is helpful to be able to write & read the current world rotation.

This functions writes a previously read world rotation.

rotation:rotation3D
rotation = getWorldRotation3D()
setWorldRotation3D(rotation)

rotateAroundAxis

  rotateAroundAxis(angle:float, axis:vector3D)

In more complex application it is basically impossible to rotate around a specific rotation axis using only rotate3D(). For this reason the rotateAroundAxis() function was implemented.

This function will rotate the current frame along a user specified axis (3D vector) by a given angle (in rad).

It also works in either LOCAL or GLOBAL mode based on the current set rotationMode().

axis = vector3D(x=1,y=2,z=0.5)
rotateAroundAxis(PI/4, axis)